Monkeypox: Re-Emerging Zoonotic Threat

Monkeypox (MPX) is a relatively unknown and minor resurgent viral zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV). The can spread from person to or animal person. most prevalent in tropical rainforests of West Central Africa. first MPXV outbreak was recorded monkey during 1958 as small pox-like causing flu-like symptoms, such chills fever, well rash, case human 9-month-old child Democratic Republic Congo on 1 September 1970. There were 16,016 laboratory confirmed cases infection five deaths reported 75 countries/territories/areas across all six WHO Regions 22 July 2022. has wide host range, including humans, squirrels, mice, rabbits, hamsters, porcupines, non-human primates (orangutans, chimps, sooty mangabeys, cynomolgus monkeys), black-tailed prairie dogs, African brush-tailed rats, shrews. replicates at site inoculation, respiratory oropharyngeal mucosa, spreads other organs, skin, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, where clinical signs symptoms manifest. Before rash appears, patients have prominent lymphadenopathy, which distinguishes MPX pox. This followed macules, papules, vesicles, pustules, umbilication, scabbing, desquamation. Laboratory tools, isolation, PCR-based assays, haemagglutination inhibition electron microscopy, ELISA, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, been used confirm diagnoses. Following confirmatory diagnosis, tecovirimat, an FDA-approved antiviral drug, currently available treat severe infection, along with symptomatic supportive therapies. Physical close contact activities, sleeping same room bed infected person, intimate partner, living house people, sharing cups plates, must be avoided prevent disease. Vaccination vaccinia against approximately 85% effective may protect if administered within 4 days up 14 (without showing any symptoms) after initial case.